Semicircular canals
Three fluid-filled canals sit at different angles. Head rotation moves fluid, bends sensory structures and generates nerve signals about direction of movement.
Otolith organs
The utricle and saccule help detect linear movement and head position relative to gravity. Tiny calcium-carbonate particles contribute to this sensing process.
Working with vision and muscles
Vestibular signals are integrated with visual and body-position information to stabilize gaze and posture while you move.
Why disorders differ
BPPV, inflammation, Ménière’s disease, injury and other conditions affect the system differently. Diagnosis may involve hearing, eye-movement, imaging or specialized balance tests.